What Types of Damages Can I Recover in a Personal Injury Case?
Filing a personal injury claim can be stressful, especially when the outcome is uncertain. Will there be enough money to cover medical bills, possible repairs, and other unexpected expenses that arise from your injury? Will your job and social life be impacted? Most importantly, what kind of personal injury damages can be recovered?
General and special personal injury damages are considered compensatory damages, which compensate the plaintiff for economic loss and pain and suffering. Punitive damages are meant to punish the defendant for their negligence or recklessness. You may be entitled to compensation if you or a loved one have sustained an injury due to someone else’s negligence in Oregon.
The experienced personal injury attorneys at Warren Allen LLP specialize in Oregon law and will guide you in understanding all aspects involved in settling your claim and how you can significantly influence the outcome of your personal injury claim.
General Damages
General damages are in place to compensate the victim for the non-economic loss, like emotional distress and pain and suffering. These losses are generally tricky to calculate, as no actual economic value can be placed on the amount of distress one suffered. Insurance companies and lawyers often use formulas to approximate payout for non-economic losses. If your case goes to trial, the jury will frequently award higher general damages to plaintiffs who have been through a severe trauma.
Suppose you were injured in a car accident caused by another driver’s negligence. As a result, you experienced significant physical pain, emotional distress, and a reduced quality of life due to your injuries. The pain might have affected your ability to perform daily activities, and the emotional distress could include anxiety, depression, or post-traumatic stress disorder.
In this case, general damages would be awarded to compensate for the ongoing pain and suffering you endured because of the accident. This type of damages might also include compensation for any loss of enjoyment of life, such as your inability to participate in activities you once enjoyed or to maintain relationships as before the injury.
The amount awarded for general damages is determined based on factors such as the severity and permanence of the injuries, the impact on your daily life, and the emotional distress caused by the injury. Since these damages are subjective, they are typically assessed by the judge or jury based on the evidence presented and the specific circumstances of the case.
Special Damages
Special damages are economic damages that can be measured by direct financial loss. The court will often award special damages for loss of earnings, medical expenses, property damage, and other measurable economic harms caused by the defendant’s actions. Like general damages, special damages are used to compensate the plaintiff for the loss caused by the defendant.
For example, if you were involved in a slip-and-fall accident at a grocery store due to a wet and unmarked floor, and as a result of the fall, you sustained a broken ankle, which required surgery and extensive rehabilitation, special damages would include:
- Medical Expenses: You would be compensated for all medical costs incurred due to the injury. Compensated items would include hospital bills, surgical fees, the cost of prescription medications, physical therapy, and any other medical treatments directly related to your injury. For instance, if your surgery and subsequent therapy cost $130,000, this amount would be included in your special damages.
- Lost Wages: If the injury caused you to miss work, you would be entitled to compensation for the wages lost during your recovery period. If you could not work for six weeks and lost $13,000 in income, this amount would be part of your special damages.
- Future Medical Expenses: If you require ongoing medical treatment or therapy due to the injury, you can claim future medical expenses. For instance, if you need continued physical therapy sessions that are projected to cost $5,000, this amount would be considered in your special damages.
- Property Damage: If your personal belongings were damaged in the accident (such as a smartphone or eyeglasses), replacing or repairing these items can also be included in your special damages.
Special damages are calculated based on documented evidence such as medical bills, wage statements, and receipts. They are intended to reimburse you for the specific financial impacts of your injury and are more straightforward to quantify compared to general damages, which cover non-economic losses.
Punitive Damages
Punitive personal injury damages serve to punish the defendant for the negligence or reckless behavior that caused harm to the plaintiff. They differ from the general and specific personal injury damages because rather than make the plaintiff whole, the punitive damages are put in place as a deterrent and warning to the defendant. It also tells others that the reckless behavior or negligence presented in the courtroom was so outrageous that the defendant must be punished.
For example, say the defendant was found to have a high blood alcohol level and had multiple prior DUI convictions. Their reckless and unlawful behavior not only led to your serious injuries but also demonstrated a blatant disregard for the safety of others on the road.
In this case, the court might award punitive damages in addition to compensatory damages to address the defendant’s gross negligence. These punitive damages punish the defendant for their extreme recklessness and discourage them and others from engaging in similar dangerous behavior in the future.
The amount of punitive damages awarded would be determined based on factors such as the severity of the defendant’s misconduct, the harm caused, and the need to deter similar behavior. However, Oregon law does place some limits on punitive damages. According to ORS 31.735, punitive damages cannot exceed $500,000 or the amount of compensatory damages awarded, whichever is greater.Personal injury damages can be complicated and difficult to understand. Contact Warren Allen LLP today for a consultation and let our experienced personal injury attorneys help make the road to recovery a bit easier.