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Tag: Personal Injury Deposition

What Is Considered an Emotional Injury?

What Is Considered an Emotional Injury?

Written by George McCoy on . Posted in Personal Injury.

Personal injury cases cover a fairly wide range of situations where someone experiences harm, injury, or loss due to the actions or negligence of another. Car accidents, medical malpractice, dog bites, and slip-and-fall incidents, for example, can significantly impact your health and well-being. In most cases, the resulting injuries and damages are easy to see—for example, a broken leg, stitched-up dog bite, or damaged car—but many people don’t realize that emotional injury or harm can have an equally pronounced effect on your quality of life and ability to function normally.

What is considered an emotional injury, and can you seek financial compensation for it in a personal injury case? Personal injury attorneys, including the team at Warren Allen LLP, work with many clients who have suffered emotional injury due to traumatic events or negligent actions. Since emotional injury can be more complicated to prove and assess for damages, it’s important to discuss this issue with an expert if you want to seek financial compensation.

To help you better understand the different types of emotional injury you could experience, we’ve put together some information about general symptoms you might notice, different types of emotional injury, and the legal considerations involved in recognizing, proving, and compensating for such injury.

Common Symptoms of Emotional Injury

First, it’s important to recognize the signs that you might have experienced emotional injury due to a traumatic event or negligence. Depending on the incident, you might exhibit changes in cognition (confusion, memory problems, intrusive thoughts), mood (depression, anxiety, fear, emotional numbness), behavior (social withdrawal, avoidance of certain places or triggers), and even physiology (insomnia, loss of appetite, fatigue, headaches).

Types of Emotional Injury

Although the symptoms for different types of emotional injury might overlap, and you might suffer from more than one concurrently, there are subtle distinctions described below that a mental health expert might use to diagnose you.

Anxiety

One common response to a traumatic event or to prolonged stress is anxiety, including generalized anxiety disorder. Although everyone worries from time to time, anxiety is more excessive, persistent, and difficult to control than everyday worry and can be characterized by panic attacks, phobias, sleep disturbances, and difficulty concentrating or making decisions.

Anxiety might become severe enough to interfere with daily living, including hampering interpersonal relationships and job performance. Left untreated, anxiety can become chronic and dramatically reduce quality of life.

Depression

Similar to anxiety, depression is more intense and long-lasting than normal the sadness everyone experiences occasionally. Someone suffering from depression might notice sleeplessness or excessive fatigue, loss of appetite or interest in hobbies and activities, and feelings of hopelessness or worthlessness, among other things. As with anxiety, depression should be treated with the help of a health professional.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Often associated with military veterans, PTSD can affect anyone who has experienced or witnessed a particularly traumatic incident. An individual suffering from PTSD might have flashbacks, nightmares, or intrusive memories of the actual incident.

However, even without these symptoms, a person could become hypervigilant or develop heightened startle responses and avoid triggers or reminders of the trauma. Negative changes in mood and cognitive functioning are also common. Most people with PTSD require long-term, professional treatment.

Loss of Enjoyment of Life

If your ability to find joy and take pleasure in your relationships, hobbies, or daily activities is diminished or reduced after experiencing a traumatic event, you might be suffering from the emotional injury known as the loss of enjoyment of life. Sometimes, loss of enjoyment of life can also occur due to physical injuries that limit your ability to work or participate in activities you formerly enjoyed.

Grief and Bereavement

Families will always experience grief when a loved one dies. However, in cases of wrongful death due to negligence, such as medical malpractice or a traumatic accident, that grief can become deeper and more prolonged than it would be otherwise, and it might qualify as emotional injury.

Emotional Distress

A more generalized term for emotional injury, emotional distress covers a variety of mental suffering that can occur due to a traumatic experience, such as severe embarrassment or humiliation, indignity, or feeling helpless.

Emotional Injury in Personal Injury Law

Because emotional injury and mental suffering can be difficult to tie directly to financial loss (as opposed to the cost of repairing a car, for example), in personal injury law, they are considered non-economic damages.

To pursue a legal claim for emotional injury, you must be able to document or provide proof of the emotional injury and link it directly to the defendant’s actions or negligence. To prove an emotional injury exists and establish its severity, courts generally accept:

  • Medical records, such as diagnoses and notes from licensed health professionals
  • Expert testimony from mental health professionals like psychiatrists and psychologists, who can speak to the extent and causality of the emotional injury
  • Personal testimony where you, your friends, family members, and colleagues describe your suffering
  • Documentation of life changes that detail how your emotional injury has negatively affected your work, hobbies, and relationships

When assessing and awarding damages for emotional injury, courts will usually take into account the severity and duration of symptoms; any need for ongoing mental health treatment or medication; physical symptoms, if they exist; and the negative effects on the plaintiff’s daily life, work, and relationships. Some jurisdictions set limits on the amount of non-economic damages that can be awarded, especially if there are no accompanying physical symptoms, which could affect your case.

Consult with Warren Allen About Your Emotional Injury

Although emotional injury is inherently subjective, and this can sometimes make it more difficult to prove in court, pain and suffering is a legitimate and important factor in many personal injury cases. If you are experiencing symptoms of anxiety, depression, PTSD, loss of enjoyment of life, grief and bereavement, or emotional distress after going through a traumatic event due to someone else’s actions, it’s essential to speak with qualified personal injury attorneys about the potential for seeking financial compensation through a personal injury case. The attorneys at Warren Allen LLP have years of experience in personal injury law and can offer expert legal advice. Don’t suffer in silence. Contact us to get the help you need today.

How To Prepare for a Personal Injury Deposition

How To Prepare for a Personal Injury Deposition

Written by George McCoy on . Posted in Car Accident, Personal Injury.

If you have been injured in an accident and have filed a personal injury claim, you may have to give a deposition. Though it is an important step in building a personal injury case, there are ways to prepare for an effective deposition. Preparation is key, as a deposition is an opportunity for both parties’ attorneys to gather evidence. Your attorney is your ally and will be with you throughout the entire process.

It’s natural to have questions regarding your personal injury deposition. You may wonder how to prepare for a deposition or even what a deposition is. The more comprehensive your preparation, the more effective your deposition is toward a positive outcome.

Below is a guide to help you understand what to expect and how to prepare:

What Is a Deposition?

Before delving into how to best prepare, it’s essential first to understand what a deposition is. Depositions typically occur in an attorney’s office and are recorded by a court reporter responsible for providing transcripts. A witness (deponent) is asked questions under oath by the attorneys to preserve the witness’s testimony and gather facts about what the witness knows. The attorneys use this information to gather evidence and prepare for trial.

Lawyers from each side are present and have opportunities to ask questions. It’s important to answer these questions carefully and truthfully; the deposition could be used in court, and false statements can have civil and criminal penalties. Under most circumstances, a deponent is obligated to answer all questions. Your attorney will search out favorable evidence, while the opposing attorney will seek evidence favorable for their client. The preparation leading up to your personal injury deposition will better ensure you are not surprised by their questions and are poised to answer truthfully and cautiously.

Review the Facts

One of the best ways to prepare for a deposition is by reviewing the facts of your case with your attorney. You must answer questions correctly and accurately. Review pertinent details surrounding the accident, any injuries, and treatment received. You’ll need to include what happened and the timeline of events and resulting injuries or pain and suffering.

Make sure to review the strong points of your case. Is the defendant liable? How have the injuries affected your life? Think through the injuries and how they impact your daily life. Record your experience, keep detailed notes, and review statements and medical records. The opposing attorney will try to poke holes in your case, but your attorney can help you understand how to answer questions meant to discredit your testimony. Reviewing the facts of the case keeps these facts at the forefront of your memory. It enables you to answer truthfully without allowing the opposing attorney to confuse the details with leading questions.

Listen Carefully and Pause Before Answering

Listen to the entire question before answering. It’s essential to fully understand the question before answering. Listen, pause, then answer. Pausing allows you time to think through your response and allows your attorney to object if necessary.

If you do not understand, ask for clarification. Don’t answer a question you don’t understand, as this can lead to false information or misrepresenting the facts. If you are in doubt, ask for clarification or rephrasing. If you did not hear the question, ask the attorney to repeat it. Remember to stay calm; you have a right to understand each question, and taking the necessary time is okay.

Don’t Volunteer Information

Only answer the question that is asked. Once you answer, stop talking and wait silently. Though you are under obligation to answer asked questions, you are not obligated to explain your answer unless explicitly asked to. Answer the question that is asked and refrain from volunteering additional information.

Keep your answers brief, and refrain from adding information that the attorney did not request. If an attorney needs an explanation, they will ask for it. If the answer is a simple “yes,” then respond with “yes” and quietly wait for the next question.

Answer Truthfully

A personal injury deposition is under oath, so you must answer truthfully. Lying or trying to distort the facts in your favor can harm your case. Answer truthfully and keep to your original answer. Changing your testimony can be detrimental. If the opposing attorney repeatedly asks similar questions, keep to your testimony. They can use this tactic to sway your testimony so you eventually give a different answer.

If you do not know the answer or don’t remember, simply say so. “I don’t know” or “I don’t remember” are acceptable and appropriate answers. If you are unsure about a particular detail, don’t guess or make assumptions, as this can harm the case. If you genuinely don’t know or cannot remember, respectfully say so.

Communicate With Your Attorney

Your personal injury attorney represents your interests, so it’s important to communicate with them honestly. This is especially true if you have concerns regarding your case. If you believe there have been any mistakes in your testimony, communicate this to your attorney during the break. Let your attorney know if you forgot to mention an important detail. These can be clarified after the break, on the record.

It’s also important to note that questions can be asked regarding your background beyond the accident. These include your education, credit history, personal relationships, prior accidents, etc. These are typically not admissible, but if there is anything problematic in your background, notify your attorney so they can advise you how to answer.

Remember, your attorney is your ally in your personal injury deposition. When you need legal representation in Oregon or Washington, contact the team at Warren Allen LLP. We provide solid advice and representation to help you receive compensation. Equipped with the right attorney, you can stay calm and professional, knowing you are thoroughly prepared for a successful deposition.

Male attorney explaining legal paperwork to woman client.

How Do I Prepare for My Personal Injury Hearing in Portland?

Written by George McCoy on . Posted in Personal Injury.

If you’ve suffered a personal injury to the point where you’ve decided to bring a legal case in the hopes of recouping damages, then one of the most important parts of the process is the personal injury hearing. At the hearing, you (or your attorney) will present your case and argue why you are justified in seeking damages. Whether you live around the world or here in Portland, personal injury hearings are a critical part of the process, and you should know how to best prepare for them.

What Is a Personal Injury Hearing?

Typically, the term “personal injury hearing” specifically refers to the session where a personal injury case is argued before the judge, who will then determine fault and damages. However, not all personal injury cases actually make it to trial—in fact, the vast majority do not. Only about 4% to 5% of personal injury cases ever see a day in court, as the overwhelming majority are settled out of court.

Colloquially, however, this phrase may be used to refer to other matters related to personal injury proceedings. Two of the most common alternatives that may be called “personal injury hearings” (typically by non-attorneys or other legal professionals) will be personal injury depositions and personal injury mediations.

What’s the Difference Between Personal Injury Hearings, Depositions, and Mediations?

The three are very different in terms of outcome but also share broad similarities. In all of these, you will be telling your Portland personal injury lawyer—or your lawyer wherever else you live in the world—about why you think you deserve to be compensated for the injuries you’ve suffered. However, the differences between them are notable.

What Is a Personal Injury Deposition?

A deposition can be thought of as a “fact-finding” session. In a deposition, an attorney attempts to piece together exactly what happened and the facts of the matter as they related to the personal injury case.

If you are the person who experienced the personal injury, you may be called by your attorney to give an official deposition as to the facts of the matter. However, even if you are not the victim (or the plaintiff), you may be called in to testify. This can be true even if you are a witness to the events that happened.

You can think of a personal injury deposition as a “trial before a trial.” In other words, even though the attorneys are not pleading a case before a judge, much of the same information will be shared—this is the opportunity for the attorneys to gather the information that they will later use to plead their cases in the trial proper.

Most depositions are not held in a courtroom. Rather, they will usually be held at law offices or in other designated spaces owned by the attorneys involved in the case. However, a deposition is a legal proceeding, and as such, you are considered under oath and must be careful to tell the truth so you don’t risk perjury.

What Is a Personal Injury Mediation?

As previously mentioned, most personal injury cases in Portland and around the country are settled before trial. A personal injury mediation session may be one of the ways two parties come to an agreement, or it may be something mandated by the judge after the hearing proper. Either way, a personal injury mediation is a session in which the plaintiff and defendant (and their legal teams) come together to agree on an appropriate settlement.

Unlike the deposition, which is usually just for fact-finding, a personal injury mediation session is usually legally binding and will attempt to resolve the case for good.

What Is a Personal Injury Hearing?

A personal injury hearing, as previously mentioned, involves the parties in question coming forward to argue their cases in front of a judge. At the conclusion of the personal injury hearing, the judge will decide in favor of the defendant or plaintiff and award monetary damages—or alternatively, they may decide that the case should go to mediation, in which case you should refer to the above section.

Either way, it’s important that you know how to behave in these varying scenarios. So whether you’re around the country or here in Portland, personal injury hearing guidelines include the following:

  • Tell the truth. Not only is this a good maxim to live by, but in a deposition or hearing, you are under oath and therefore are legally obligated to be truthful. If it can be proven that you were lying, not only could the result be appealed, but you could face charges of perjury.
  • Be prepared. No attorney—and no judge—enjoys a defendant who doesn’t know what they’re talking about or who has to waste time trying to remember a facet of the event in question. You’re human, and of course, there’s leeway, but you should be sure to prepare as much as possible in terms of reviewing documents and your memory of the events in question.
  • Be on time. The annals of legal history are full of anecdotes of plaintiffs or defendants who forgot their court dates and as such forfeited their cases (and wasted the court’s time). Don’t be one of them. Ensure you know exactly where and when your court date is scheduled and don’t miss it.
  • Dress appropriately. You don’t need to show up to the court in full formal dress, but wearing clothing with vulgar images or slang on it might give a poor impression to the judge. Dress nicely to ensure you are perceived as credible.
  • Don’t take things personally. Whether you are the plaintiff or the defendant—or a witness—people will be challenging your version of the events that transpired. The opposing counsel is legally obligated to do so, in fact. So when the opposing counsel puts forth a sequence of events that are totally at odds with how you describe it, don’t get angry. Remaining calm is the best thing you can do in a court hearing, especially if you’re on the stand.

If you have questions about personal injury hearings in Portland, Oregon, or anywhere else, don’t worry—contact an expert. At Warren Allen, we’re here for a consultation today.